ImmuneModulating Diet found fatty acids EPA DHA effect CTLA neg inhib

[bimazek]

Immune Modulating Diet found fish oil fatty acids EPA DHA

I have been searching and thinking about is there any diets or substances that can effect pd-1.  And is there any substances or molecules that can effect pd-1 on outside of cd8 cell.  Science is searching for what in body of typical progressors upregulates the pd-1 and they are looking for small molecules that can go inside the cd8 cell and down regulate the pd-1 and i thought, well perhaps there is a diet or food or something and since pd-1 is so new i thought i would search for a related receptor CTLA which is very close to pd-1 in function, it down regulates the immune system. 

so my theory or idea was anything that would work on CTLA might also have an effect on pd-1

I do not think that this would be a cure or solution but might slow by some % how fast the virus damages the immune system  (hopefully the small molecule they find will be much more powerful as a drug)

anyway i did a search on
anti-ctla diet                     
http://www.google.com/search?q=anti-ctla+diet&hl=en&start=10&sa=N

and found this amazing article

http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:KEIclz5ZucMJ:https://txspace.tamu.edu/bitstream/1969.1/1535/1/etd-tamu-2004C-NUTR-Ly.pdf+anti-ctla+diet&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=11&gl=us

on google scholar and amazingly found this article

Consumption of fish oils (FO) is beneficial to a variety of inflammatory disorders due, in part, to the alteration of membrane composition of T-lymphocytes and other immune cells. We previously observed that
down-regulation of proliferation and cytokine synthesis by CD4 +T-cells in mice fed diets
rich in n-3 PUFA was dependent on the involvement of CD28, a co-stimulatory molecule
necessary for T-cell activation. Since the co-receptor homologues, CD28 and CTLA-4,
have opposing effects on T-cell activation, we hypothesized that the balance of
costimulatory and downregulatory properties of CD28 and CTLA-4, respectively, would
be altered by diet. A significant increase (p<0.05) in CD28 and CTLA-4 surface
expression was observed in CD4 + T-cells post-stimulation with phorbol ester and calcium
ionophore (PMA/Iono) or anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (aCD3/CD28) antibodies in all diet
groups.

this article which is so clear and advanced and talks about lipid rafts which i just saw an animation of them online and they are cool in themselves...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjexZ88wIno

so lipid rafts are very important to what is not know to be

the

Immune Synapse, this is a cool structure that is formed to give info from one part of immune system to another

anyway the long and the short is that  Fish oil suppliments which are known to effect arthritis can down regulate the CTLA.

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6), found in fish oil (FO)

The 20- and 22-carbon n-3 PUFA are unique lipids in that they possess potent
immunomodulatory activities.

There is strong evidence for the beneficial effects of dietary FO in patients with
chronic rheumatoid arthritis (205-208). Animal studies, including ours, indicate that diets
ch in EPA and DHA are anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory in vivo

the suppressive effects of n-3 PUFA on T-cell function can, in part, be
ttributed to alterations in co-stimulatory receptor function and cytokine cross-talk


Our results suggest that diet interupts the regulatory interplay between T-cell membrane
compensate for the lackedheco-ith CTLA-4 mAb in vivo in Mycobacterium bovise
immunosuppression, studies involving CD28 and CTLA-4 gene knockout mice (lacking a
costimulatory signal for T-cell activation or deactivation) would be very helpful. It is
ry n-3 PUFA disr co-receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4. Toof functional endogenous IL-10, the anti-inflammatory aspects of IFN? may be enhance

Stulnig, T. M. 2003. Immunomodulation by polyunsaturated fatty acids:
mechanisms and effects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 132:310

Docosahexaenoic acid suppresses function of the CD28 costimulatory
embrane receptor in primary murine and Jurkat T cells.

http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:KEIclz5ZucMJ:https://txspace.tamu.edu/bitstream/1969.1/1535/1/etd-tamu-2004C-NUTR-Ly.pdf+anti-ctla+diet&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=11&gl=us

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DIETARY N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
DIFFERENTIALLY MODULATE COSTIMULATORY REGULATION OF
MURINE CD4 + T-CELL FUNCTION



in a way hiv disease could be characterized as a malfunction in this process... more than anything else...
the body thinks the infection is gone and then every day it is there again...................................
The immune system has developed powerful mechanisms to prevent unnecessary
activation of T-cells and thus either autoimmunity, i.e., a state of responsiveness to self
antigens, or hypersensitivity, i.e., the prolonged and intense state of responsiveness to
foreign antigens. One such mechanism is the intricate balance between positive and
negative costimulatory signals delivered to T-cells after antigenic counter (38). Positive
costimulatory signals are pivotal in determining whether recognition of antigen by T-cells
leads to full T-cell activation or to anergy/death.
 
An increasing body of evidence indicates that T-cell activation involves the lateral
migration of many molecules associated with TCR-mediated signaling. When T-cells are
stimulated with planar lipid bilayers or APC possessing antigenic peptide-MHC, a highly
ordered macromolecular interface, termed the immunological synapse (IS), forms
between the T-cell and the APC surface (47). The formation of an IS correlates with the
clustering of glycolipid-enriched microdomains known as lipid rafts which were
introduced earlier. By their distinct lipid composition, lipid rafts concentrate lipid-
modified proteins within the plane of the plasma membrane. At the exoplasmic face,
proteins attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)
anchor are almost exclusively found in rafts, whereas acylated proteins are found at the
cytoplasmic face of rafts. Many proteins involved in signal transduction are modified by
acyl moieties to be attached to the plasma membrane and/or concentrated into lipid rafts
(48). For example, Src-family kinases such as Lck and Fyn are acylated at the N-
terminus by myristoyl (14:0) and palmitoyl (16:0) moieties (reviewed in (49)). The IS is
composed of a central core containing the TCR, protein kinase C ? (PKC?), Lck, Fyn,
and CD28, surrounded by a ring enriched with adhesion molecules (i.e., LFA-1, CD43)
(50-52). As mentioned previously, lipid rafts are enriched with signaling molecules
critical for TCR-mediated signaling such as Lck, linker for activation of T-cells (LAT),
and PKC? and their biological integrity is essential for proper TCR-mediated signaling
(53-55).  It has been demonstrated by us (56-58) and others (59, 60) that dietary n-3 PUFA
affect raft composition and function on T-cells through an eicosanoid-independent
mechanism.

the theory i have from this is fish oils and any other suppliments that help with arthritis would possibly give some benefit in hiv disease, it wouldnt be the molecule that they are searching for that would effect pd-1 completely, that would be a new drug, but it might buy a few months on a regiment or delay loosing a regiment by a few month or perhaps more.

in any case it is amazing how the interplay of diet and the immune system is so clearly show in this article

The beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of dietary n-3 PUFA can be attributed, in
part, to suppressed production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL-1ß, and IL-6)
(68) and decreased expression of adhesion molecules (e.g. ICAM-1, VCAM-1) as shown
in both animal and human studies (69, 70). These effects also occur at the level of altered
gene expression. Recent studies have shown that n-3 PUFA can down-regulate the
activity of the nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF?B) (71), which
plays a role in inducing a range of inflammatory genes, including COX-2, ICAM-1,
VCAM-1, TNFa, IL-1ß, and IL-6, in response to inflammatory stimuli

[thunter34]

An increasing body of evidence indicates that T-cell activation involves the lateral
migration of many molecules associated with TCR-mediated signaling. When T-cells are
stimulated with planar lipid bilayers or APC possessing antigenic peptide-MHC, a highly
ordered macromolecular interface, termed the immunological synapse (IS), forms
between the T-cell and the APC surface (47). The formation of an IS correlates with the
clustering of glycolipid-enriched microdomains known as lipid rafts which were
introduced earlier. By their distinct lipid composition, lipid rafts concentrate lipid-
modified proteins within the plane of the plasma membrane. At the exoplasmic face,
proteins attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)
anchor are almost exclusively found in rafts, whereas acylated proteins are found at the
cytoplasmic face of rafts. Many proteins involved in signal transduction are modified by
acyl moieties to be attached to the plasma membrane and/or concentrated into lipid rafts
(48). For example, Src-family kinases such as Lck and Fyn are acylated at the N-
terminus by myristoyl (14:0) and palmitoyl (16:0) moieties (reviewed in (49)). The IS is
composed of a central core containing the TCR, protein kinase C ? (PKC?), Lck, Fyn,
and CD28, surrounded by a ring enriched with adhesion molecules (i.e., LFA-1, CD43)
(50-52). As mentioned previously, lipid rafts are enriched with signaling molecules
critical for TCR-mediated signaling such as Lck, linker for activation of T-cells (LAT),
and PKC? and their biological integrity is essential for proper TCR-mediated signaling
(53-55).  It has been demonstrated by us (56-58) and others (59, 60) that dietary n-3 PUFA
affect raft composition and function on T-cells through an eicosanoid-independent
mechanism.

Oh!  I get it now!

[thunter34]

in any case it is amazing how the interplay of diet and the immune system is so clearly show in this article

That's just what I was thinking!

[J220]

That's great work, finding an (ostensible) connection between EPA and DHA and down-regulation pf PD-1. I know that I have been taking Omega-3 supplements daily for a while now. Not sure if they did anything in that regard though because I just started meds. But I do know that Omega-3 is very healthy for other reasons as well.

[thunter34]

I have been searching and thinking about is there any diets or substances that can effect pd-1.  And is there any substances or molecules that can effect pd-1 on outside of cd8 cell.

Wow!  I've had the same thing running thru my head for days!

And here I thought it was just me.

[powerpuff]

here is another one you probably hear: of anti bacterial properties and  using coconut decreases viral load:
 has anybody have proof of this?
Any hiv 'r's used this and it  worked? to decrease load? post your myth buster's and share your experience..................................

[Cerrid]

coconut decreases viral load:
 has anybody have proof of this?

I kept hurling them at the lil buggers but all I got was a near miss.