Study Helps Explain How HIV Becomes AIDS

[Miss Philicia]

Study Helps Explain How HIV Becomes AIDS

Science Daily — A new UC Irvine study sheds light on how HIV develops into AIDS and suggests a possible way to block the deadly transformation.

UCI biologist Dominik Wodarz has shown for the first time that the development of AIDS might require HIV to evolve within a patient into a state where it spreads less efficiently from cell to cell. This counters the current belief that AIDS develops when the virus evolves over time to spread more efficiently within a patient, ultimately leading to the collapse of the immune system.

The study also finds that multiple HIV particles must team up to infect individual cells, called co-infection, in order for deadly strains to emerge and to turn the infection into AIDS. If just one virus particle infects a cell, the deadliest strains may not be able to evolve, stopping HIV from progressing to AIDS. By keeping more than one HIV particle from infecting a cell, scientists might be able to ward off AIDS, the study suggests. AIDS killed more than 17,000 people in the United States in 2005.

"If this is true, a new approach to therapy could be to block the process of co-infection in cells," said Wodarz, who used a mathematical model to draw his conclusions. "This would prevent deadly HIV strains from emerging and the patient would remain healthy, despite carrying the virus."

HIV develops in three stages. During the first few weeks, the virus grows to very high levels and can cause symptoms similar to a general viral infection such as the flu. The virus then drops to lower levels and the patient enters the asymptomatic phase that lasts on average 8-10 years. During the last stage, AIDS develops and the immune system collapses. Without an immune system, the patient cannot survive.

It is not well understood how the asymptomatic phase transitions into AIDS. The common notion is that HIV evolves to grow better over time following Darwin's theory of natural selection, eventually killing the patient.
But Wodarz's mathematical model, which takes into account how well the virus spreads and how quickly it kills the cells it invades, shows that the most deadly HIV strains do not spread the fastest from cell to cell. This surprised Wodarz because evolution tends to allow strong organisms to thrive, while weaker organisms become extinct.

The explanation, he says, rests with the fact that multiple HIV particles can invade a single cell. Wodarz's calculations show that, in this situation, viral evolution within a patient is fundamentally altered, allowing the deadly, slower-spreading strains to emerge over time and trigger the onset of AIDS.

These notions can be tested experimentally. If confirmed, Wodarz believes scientists could use this knowledge to develop a drug that blocks the cellular invasion of multiple HIV particles. This would create an environment in which the most deadly HIV types cannot emerge. This, he says, could keep HIV from developing into AIDS. No such drug currently exists.

This theory could explain why certain monkeys that are naturally infected with the monkey version of HIV never develop AIDS. According to Wodarz's model, multiple virus particles may infect cells at reduced levels or not at all. Wodarz says this theory also could be tested experimentally.
The study appears online July 31 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
David N. Levy of New York University also worked on this study, which was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health.

[J220]

Thanks for posting this, Philly. News like this is what gives me hope for the future, the undeniable fact that much is being learned about the virus, seemingly exponentially. There will come the day, if it hasn't occured already, that the key datum is learned that will lead to a cure...it's coming! Cheers, J./

[pozattitude]

great post Philly,

nothing like science and not the "god told me in a dream" bs.

Thanks...gives us all hope for the future, especially the next generation.

Rich

[powerpuff]

so like someone can be asymptomatic 10 year then with meds wouldn't tht prolong longer asymptomatic phase or prolong  the transition aids right . averages?

[JamieD]

I thought chronic immune system activation is thought to be one of the major mechanisms underlying HIV pathenogenisis.

[Iggy]

Thought this was interesting:


It is not well understood how the asymptomatic phase transitions into AIDS. The common notion is that HIV evolves to grow better over time following Darwin's theory of natural selection, eventually killing the patient.

But Wodarz's mathematical model, which takes into account how well the virus spreads and how quickly it kills the cells it invades, shows that the most deadly HIV strains do not spread the fastest from cell to cell. This surprised Wodarz because evolution tends to allow strong organisms to thrive, while weaker organisms become extinct.

The explanation, he says, rests with the fact that multiple HIV particles can invade a single cell. Wodarz's calculations show that, in this situation, viral evolution within a patient is fundamentally altered, allowing the deadly, slower-spreading strains to emerge over time and trigger the onset of AIDS.


These notions can be tested experimentally. If confirmed, Wodarz believes scientists could use this knowledge to develop a drug that blocks the cellular invasion of multiple HIV particles. This would create an environment in which the most deadly HIV types cannot emerge. This, he says, could keep HIV from developing into AIDS. No such drug currently exists.


http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/78427.php

[MOONLIGHT1114]

Iggy~

I just read the article, thanks for your thread, bumping it up.

~Cindy

[appleboy]

Interesting.  Not sure what else to say cause my brain is chewing that up and trying to make sense of it.  Thanks for posting it Philly!